The Hindu Editorial • April 29, 2026 • Read Original

Battle of wills: On the U.S. war on Iran

The U.S. should lift its blockade so that Iran can open the Strait of Hormuz

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Analysis of editorial from The Hindu newspaper on April 29, 2026

Battle of wills: On the U.S. war on Iran

The U.S. should lift its blockade so that Iran can open the Strait of Hormuz

U.S.-Iran WarStrait of HormuzNaval BlockadeDiplomacyGlobal EconomyInternational RelationsEditorial Analysis

Sentences

Sentence 1 of 21

English Original

The U.S. war on Iran has turned into a battle of wills in the Strait of Hormuz and the Gulf of Oman, marked by duelling naval blockades and stalled diplomacy.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

The U.S. war on Iran

The military conflict between the United States and Iran

Part 2

has turned into

Has become something different

Part 3

A situation where both sides are stubborn and waiting for the other to give up

Part 4

in the and the Gulf of Oman

In the specific sea areas near Iran where oil ships travel

Part 5

marked by and

Characterized by both sides blocking ships and peace talks coming to a stop

Context and Background

The Strategic Importance of the Strait of Hormuz

The Strait of Hormuz is the world’s most important oil transit point. Approximately one-fifth of the world’s total oil consumption passes through this narrow waterway daily. Any blockade here can cause a massive spike in global fuel prices and disrupt the world economy.

Sentence 2 of 21

English Original

Iran, which has effectively restricted the free flow of traffic through the Strait of Hormuz since the U.S. and Israel attacks on February 28, has refused to ease its control over the critical waterway.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

Iran

The Middle Eastern country involved in the conflict

Part 2

which has the of traffic through the Strait of Hormuz since the U.S. and Israel attacks on February 28

Explaining how Iran started limiting ship movement after being attacked by the U.S. and Israel in late February

Part 3

has refused

Said ‘no’ to a request or expectation

Part 4

to its control over the

To make the rules less strict or reduce its military presence in the passage

Context and Background

The February 28 Attacks

The mention of ‘U.S. and Israel attacks on February 28’ refers to the military strikes launched against Iranian targets earlier in 2026. This escalation led Iran to use its strategic position in the Strait of Hormuz as a retaliatory measure, effectively blocking commercial shipping as a counter-pressure tactic against the U.S.-led blockade of its own ports.

Sentence 3 of 21

English Original

The U.S. insists that its blockade of Iranian ports will stay in place until a deal is reached.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

The U.S.

The United States government

Part 2

Strongly states its position or demand

Part 3

that its blockade of Iranian ports will until a is reached

Explaining that the U.S. will keep stopping ships from reaching Iran until they agree on a peace plan

Sentence 4 of 21

English Original

Last week, Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi travelled to Pakistan, which mediated the first round of direct talks on April 11, but Iran declined further direct talks with Washington.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

Last week

In the seven days before now

Part 2

Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi

The top diplomat of Iran who handles relationships with other countries

Part 3

travelled

Went on a trip for official work

Part 4

to Pakistan, which the first of direct talks on April 11

To the country of Pakistan, which helped start the first peace meetings on April 11

Part 5

but Iran

Connecting the previous fact with a conflicting one about the country Iran

Part 6

Refused to accept or participate

Part 7

further direct talks with

More face-to-face meetings with the U.S. government

Context and Background

Pakistan

Pakistan has historically maintained diplomatic channels with both Iran and the United States. In times of crisis, Islamabad often acts as a neutral ground or a mediator to prevent a full-scale war in the region, as seen with the April 11 talks mentioned here.

Sentence 5 of 21

English Original

The White House had earlier said it would send special envoy Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner to Islamabad, but President Donald Trump cancelled their trip after Mr. Araghchi left the Pakistani capital.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

The White House

The executive office of the President of the United States

Part 2

had earlier said

Had made a statement or promise in the past

Part 3

it would send Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner to

That the U.S. would send two important representatives to Pakistan’s capital for talks

Part 4

but President Donald Trump

Introducing the U.S. President as the person who took a different action

Part 5

cancelled

Stopped the planned trip from happening

Part 6

their trip

The planned visit of the U.S. envoys

Part 7

after Mr. Araghchi left the Pakistani capital

Following the departure of the Iranian Foreign Minister from Islamabad

Sentence 6 of 21

English Original

Mr. Trump has repeatedly said that Iran wants a deal.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

Mr. Trump

Donald Trump, the President of the United States

Part 2

has said

Has stated the same thing many times

Part 3

that Iran wants a deal

His claim that the country of Iran is eager to make an agreement

Sentence 7 of 21

English Original

Yet, Tehran continues to refuse talks with the U.S., citing Israel’s attacks on Lebanon and America’s blockade in the Gulf of Oman.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

Yet

In spite of what was just mentioned (that Trump says Iran wants a deal)

Part 2

Tehran

The government of Iran (named after its capital city)

Part 3

continues

Keeps doing something without stopping

Part 4

to refuse talks with the U.S.

To say ‘no’ to having meetings or discussions with the American government

Part 5

Israel’s attacks on and America’s blockade in the

Giving the reasons for refusal: Israeli military actions in Lebanon and the U.S. Navy blocking the nearby sea

Sentence 8 of 21

English Original

On paper, a ceasefire is in place in Lebanon, and Mr. Trump said earlier this month that Israel was “prohibited” from attacking the country, but Israeli air strikes have continued.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

According to the written agreement, even if the reality is different

Part 2

An agreement between two sides to stop fighting

Part 3

Exists or is currently active

Part 4

in place in Lebanon

Active and operational in the country of Lebanon

Part 5

and Mr. Trump

Adding the U.S. President as a speaker on the matter

Part 6

said

Expressed or stated something

Part 7

earlier this month

At a time some days ago within the current month

Part 8

that Israel was “” from attacking the country

The claim that the Israeli military was officially not allowed to bomb Lebanon

Part 9

but Israeli

The military attacks from the sky carried out by Israel, contradicting the agreement

Part 10

have continued

Have not stopped and are still happening

Sentence 9 of 21

English Original

He has also indicated no urgency to lift the blockade, betting that sustained economic pressure will force Iran to change its position.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

Referring to President Donald Trump

Part 2

has also

Has shown or suggested through his actions or words

Part 3

no to the blockade

That he is not in a hurry to stop blocking the Iranian ports

Part 4

that will force Iran to change its position

Believing that keeping the Iranian economy in trouble will eventually make the Iranian government give up its demands

Sentence 10 of 21

English Original

The only silver lining is that the Iran ceasefire, announced on April 8, is still holding.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

The only

The only positive part of a very bad situation

Part 2

Identifies what the positive thing is

Part 3

that the Iran ceasefire, announced on April 8, is still

That the agreement to stop fighting between the U.S. and Iran (started on April 8) has not been broken yet

Sentence 11 of 21

English Original

Despite Mr. Trump’s threats, he has held fire even after Iran seized ships in the Persian Gulf.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

Despite Mr. Trump’s threats

Even though Donald Trump said he would take strong action

Part 2

Referring to President Donald Trump

Part 3

has

Has decided not to attack or use military force yet

Part 4

even after Iran ships in the

Including after the time when Iran took control of foreign ships by force

Sentence 12 of 21

English Original

Tehran, too, despite warning retaliation over a U.S. seizure of an Iranian tanker, has not followed through.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

Tehran

The Iranian government

Part 2

too

In addition to the U.S. side

Part 3

despite warning over a U.S. seizure of an Iranian

Even though they threatened to attack back because the U.S. captured one of their oil ships

Part 4

has not

Has not actually done what they said they would do

Sentence 13 of 21

English Original

Both sides have remained diplomatically engaged through Pakistan.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

Both sides

Both the United States and Iran

Part 2

have remained

Have continued to be in a certain state

Part 3

diplomatically

Communicating with each other using official government channels to solve problems

Part 4

through Pakistan

Using the country of Pakistan as a messenger or middleman

Sentence 14 of 21

English Original

The alternative to diplomacy is disaster.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

The to diplomacy

The other choice if peace talks are not used

Part 2

Equals or results in

Part 3

A very bad event that causes great damage and suffering

Sentence 15 of 21

English Original

The U.S. and Israel bombed Iran for 40 days but failed to secure a favourable strategic outcome, and the global economic fallout of this illegal war is now being felt.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

The U.S. and Israel

The two countries that launched military attacks

Part 2

bombed

Attacked with explosives from the air or distance

Part 3

Iran

The target country of the military strikes

Part 4

for 40 days

The duration of the intense military campaign

Part 5

but failed

Linking the action to the unsuccessful result

Part 6

to a

To get a result that would help them win the war or change Iran’s mind in their favor

Part 7

and the global economic of this

The bad effects on the world’s money and trade caused by the war which was started without legal authority

Part 8

is now being felt

Is currently causing problems that people around the world can notice

Sentence 16 of 21

English Original

For diplomacy to succeed, Mr. Trump and the Iranian leadership should adopt a phased approach.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

For diplomacy to succeed

In order for the peace talks to work and achieve a result

Part 2

Mr. Trump and the Iranian leadership

The top leaders of both the United States and Iran

Part 3

should

Ought to start using or following

Part 4

A plan that happens in small, separate steps rather than trying to fix everything at once

Sentence 17 of 21

English Original

Rather than acting as if the war has not changed the region’s strategic realities, the U.S. should offer to Iran tangible concessions in return for compromises on core issues.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

Rather than acting as if the war has not changed the region’s

Instead of behaving like everything is the same as before the war started

Part 2

the U.S.

The United States government

Part 3

should offer

Ought to give or propose

Part 4

to Iran

The country receiving the proposed benefits

Part 5

Real and definite things given up to help reach an agreement

Part 6

in return for on

In exchange for Iran agreeing to give up some of its own demands on very important problems

Sentence 18 of 21

English Original

Iran has demonstrated a measure of deterrence by asserting control over the Strait of Hormuz.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

Iran

The country involved in the conflict

Part 2

has demonstrated

Has clearly shown or proven through its actions

Part 3

a measure of

A certain level of power that makes enemies think twice before attacking

Part 4

by control over the Strait of Hormuz

By taking and showing military command of the important sea passage

Sentence 19 of 21

English Original

But if it continues to disrupt commercial traffic, further damaging the global economy, it risks squandering the goodwill it enjoys as the underdog.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

But if it continues to , further damaging the global economy

However, if Iran keeps stopping cargo ships and hurting the world’s trade

Part 2

Referring to the country of Iran

Part 3

risks

Is in danger of facing a negative result

Part 4

the it enjoys as the

Wasting the support and sympathy it has from other countries because people see it as the weaker side being attacked

Sentence 20 of 21

English Original

A practical first step would be reciprocal de-escalation: the U.S. lifting its blockade and Iran reopening the Strait to commercial shipping.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

A first step

A realistic and useful thing to do first to solve the problem

Part 2

would be

Suggesting what the best option could be

Part 3

: the U.S. lifting its blockade and Iran reopening the Strait to commercial shipping

Both sides reducing their military actions at the same time: the U.S. stopping its port blocks and Iran letting cargo ships through the sea passage again

Sentence 21 of 21

English Original

This would also reinforce the fragile ceasefire and build confidence, paving the way for the next round of direct talks on outstanding issues, including the nuclear programme.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

This

The action of reciprocal de-escalation mentioned before

Part 2

would also

Would make something stronger or more stable

Part 3

the ceasefire

The weak and easily broken agreement to stop fighting

Part 4

and build

And create or increase something positive

Part 5

confidence

Trust between the two countries

Part 6

for the next round of direct talks on , including the

Making it possible to have future meetings about the remaining important problems like Iran’s nuclear plans

Sentence 1 of 21

Sentences Breakdown

Editorial Summary

5-Point Summary

1 The conflict between the U.S. and Iran has reached a stalemate in the Strait of Hormuz, characterized by naval blockades and a breakdown in direct talks.
2 Despite mediation efforts by Pakistan, Iran has refused further direct negotiations with Washington, citing continued Israeli strikes and the U.S. blockade.
3 A fragile ceasefire in Lebanon and an Iran-specific ceasefire are currently holding, providing a small window for diplomatic progress despite ongoing tensions.
4 The editorial argues that military action by the U.S. and Israel failed to achieve strategic goals and has caused significant global economic damage.
5 The proposed solution is a phased, reciprocal de-escalation: the U.S. lifting its blockade in exchange for Iran reopening the Strait of Hormuz to commercial traffic.

Tone of the Editorial

Analytical

Why this tone?

The editorial provides a balanced examination of the strategic deadlock between the U.S. and Iran. It objectively assesses the failures of military action, the motivations of both sides, and the economic consequences, while offering a pragmatic, step-by-step diplomatic solution to avoid a larger disaster.

Sentence 1 of 21

The U.S. war on Iran has turned into a battle of wills in the Strait of Hormuz and the Gulf of Oman, marked by duelling naval blockades and stalled diplomacy.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

The U.S. war on Iran

The military conflict between the United States and Iran

Part 2

has turned into

Has become something different

Part 3

a battle of wills

A situation where both sides are stubborn and waiting for the other to give up

Part 4

in the Strait of Hormuz and the Gulf of Oman

In the specific sea areas near Iran where oil ships travel

Part 5

marked by duelling naval blockades and stalled diplomacy

Characterized by both sides blocking ships and peace talks coming to a stop

Sentence 2 of 21

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

Iran

The Middle Eastern country involved in the conflict

Part 2

which has effectively restricted the free flow of traffic through the Strait of Hormuz since the U.S. and Israel attacks on February 28

Explaining how Iran started limiting ship movement after being attacked by the U.S. and Israel in late February

Part 3

has refused

Said ‘no’ to a request or expectation

Part 4

to ease its control over the critical waterway

To make the rules less strict or reduce its military presence in the passage

Sentence 3 of 21

The U.S. insists that its blockade of Iranian ports will stay in place until a deal is reached.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

The U.S.

The United States government

Part 2

insists

Strongly states its position or demand

Part 3

that its blockade of Iranian ports will stay in place until a deal is reached

Explaining that the U.S. will keep stopping ships from reaching Iran until they agree on a peace plan

Sentence 4 of 21

Last week, Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi travelled to Pakistan, which mediated the first round of direct talks on April 11, but Iran declined further direct talks with Washington.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

Last week

In the seven days before now

Part 2

Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi

The top diplomat of Iran who handles relationships with other countries

Part 3

travelled

Went on a trip for official work

Part 4

to Pakistan, which mediated the first round of direct talks on April 11

To the country of Pakistan, which helped start the first peace meetings on April 11

Part 5

but Iran

Connecting the previous fact with a conflicting one about the country Iran

Part 6

declined

Refused to accept or participate

Part 7

further direct talks with Washington

More face-to-face meetings with the U.S. government

Sentence 5 of 21

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

The White House

The executive office of the President of the United States

Part 2

had earlier said

Had made a statement or promise in the past

Part 3

it would send special envoy Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner to Islamabad

That the U.S. would send two important representatives to Pakistan’s capital for talks

Part 4

but President Donald Trump

Introducing the U.S. President as the person who took a different action

Part 5

cancelled

Stopped the planned trip from happening

Part 6

their trip

The planned visit of the U.S. envoys

Part 7

after Mr. Araghchi left the Pakistani capital

Following the departure of the Iranian Foreign Minister from Islamabad

Sentence 6 of 21

Mr. Trump has repeatedly said that Iran wants a deal.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

Mr. Trump

Donald Trump, the President of the United States

Part 2

has repeatedly said

Has stated the same thing many times

Part 3

that Iran wants a deal

His claim that the country of Iran is eager to make an agreement

Sentence 7 of 21

Yet, Tehran continues to refuse talks with the U.S., citing Israel’s attacks on Lebanon and America’s blockade in the Gulf of Oman.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

Yet

In spite of what was just mentioned (that Trump says Iran wants a deal)

Part 2

Tehran

The government of Iran (named after its capital city)

Part 3

continues

Keeps doing something without stopping

Part 4

to refuse talks with the U.S.

To say ‘no’ to having meetings or discussions with the American government

Part 5

citing Israel’s attacks on Lebanon and America’s blockade in the Gulf of Oman

Giving the reasons for refusal: Israeli military actions in Lebanon and the U.S. Navy blocking the nearby sea

Sentence 8 of 21

On paper, a ceasefire is in place in Lebanon, and Mr. Trump said earlier this month that Israel was “prohibited” from attacking the country, but Israeli air strikes have continued.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

On paper

According to the written agreement, even if the reality is different

Part 2

a ceasefire

An agreement between two sides to stop fighting

Part 3

Exists or is currently active

Part 4

in place in Lebanon

Active and operational in the country of Lebanon

Part 5

and Mr. Trump

Adding the U.S. President as a speaker on the matter

Part 6

said

Expressed or stated something

Part 7

earlier this month

At a time some days ago within the current month

Part 8

that Israel was “prohibited” from attacking the country

The claim that the Israeli military was officially not allowed to bomb Lebanon

Part 9

but Israeli air strikes

The military attacks from the sky carried out by Israel, contradicting the agreement

Part 10

have continued

Have not stopped and are still happening

Sentence 9 of 21

He has also indicated no urgency to lift the blockade, betting that sustained economic pressure will force Iran to change its position.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

Referring to President Donald Trump

Part 2

has also indicated

Has shown or suggested through his actions or words

Part 3

no urgency to lift the blockade

That he is not in a hurry to stop blocking the Iranian ports

Part 4

betting that sustained economic pressure will force Iran to change its position

Believing that keeping the Iranian economy in trouble will eventually make the Iranian government give up its demands

Sentence 10 of 21

The only silver lining is that the Iran ceasefire, announced on April 8, is still holding.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

The only silver lining

The only positive part of a very bad situation

Part 2

Identifies what the positive thing is

Part 3

that the Iran ceasefire, announced on April 8, is still holding

That the agreement to stop fighting between the U.S. and Iran (started on April 8) has not been broken yet

Sentence 11 of 21

Despite Mr. Trump’s threats, he has held fire even after Iran seized ships in the Persian Gulf.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

Despite Mr. Trump’s threats

Even though Donald Trump said he would take strong action

Part 2

Referring to President Donald Trump

Part 3

has held fire

Has decided not to attack or use military force yet

Part 4

even after Iran seized ships in the Persian Gulf

Including after the time when Iran took control of foreign ships by force

Sentence 12 of 21

Tehran, too, despite warning retaliation over a U.S. seizure of an Iranian tanker, has not followed through.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

Tehran

The Iranian government

Part 2

too

In addition to the U.S. side

Part 3

despite warning retaliation over a U.S. seizure of an Iranian tanker

Even though they threatened to attack back because the U.S. captured one of their oil ships

Part 4

has not followed through

Has not actually done what they said they would do

Sentence 13 of 21

Both sides have remained diplomatically engaged through Pakistan.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

Both sides

Both the United States and Iran

Part 2

have remained

Have continued to be in a certain state

Part 3

diplomatically engaged

Communicating with each other using official government channels to solve problems

Part 4

through Pakistan

Using the country of Pakistan as a messenger or middleman

Sentence 14 of 21

The alternative to diplomacy is disaster.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

The alternative to diplomacy

The other choice if peace talks are not used

Part 2

Equals or results in

Part 3

disaster

A very bad event that causes great damage and suffering

Sentence 15 of 21

The U.S. and Israel bombed Iran for 40 days but failed to secure a favourable strategic outcome, and the global economic fallout of this illegal war is now being felt.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

The U.S. and Israel

The two countries that launched military attacks

Part 2

bombed

Attacked with explosives from the air or distance

Part 3

Iran

The target country of the military strikes

Part 4

for 40 days

The duration of the intense military campaign

Part 5

but failed

Linking the action to the unsuccessful result

Part 6

to secure a favourable strategic outcome

To get a result that would help them win the war or change Iran’s mind in their favor

Part 7

and the global economic fallout of this illegal war

The bad effects on the world’s money and trade caused by the war which was started without legal authority

Part 8

is now being felt

Is currently causing problems that people around the world can notice

Sentence 16 of 21

For diplomacy to succeed, Mr. Trump and the Iranian leadership should adopt a phased approach.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

For diplomacy to succeed

In order for the peace talks to work and achieve a result

Part 2

Mr. Trump and the Iranian leadership

The top leaders of both the United States and Iran

Part 3

should adopt

Ought to start using or following

Part 4

a phased approach

A plan that happens in small, separate steps rather than trying to fix everything at once

Sentence 17 of 21

Rather than acting as if the war has not changed the region’s strategic realities, the U.S. should offer to Iran tangible concessions in return for compromises on core issues.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

Rather than acting as if the war has not changed the region’s strategic realities

Instead of behaving like everything is the same as before the war started

Part 2

the U.S.

The United States government

Part 3

should offer

Ought to give or propose

Part 4

to Iran

The country receiving the proposed benefits

Part 5

tangible concessions

Real and definite things given up to help reach an agreement

Part 6

in return for compromises on core issues

In exchange for Iran agreeing to give up some of its own demands on very important problems

Sentence 18 of 21

Iran has demonstrated a measure of deterrence by asserting control over the Strait of Hormuz.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

Iran

The country involved in the conflict

Part 2

has demonstrated

Has clearly shown or proven through its actions

Part 3

a measure of deterrence

A certain level of power that makes enemies think twice before attacking

Part 4

by asserting control over the Strait of Hormuz

By taking and showing military command of the important sea passage

Sentence 19 of 21

But if it continues to disrupt commercial traffic, further damaging the global economy, it risks squandering the goodwill it enjoys as the underdog.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

But if it continues to disrupt commercial traffic, further damaging the global economy

However, if Iran keeps stopping cargo ships and hurting the world’s trade

Part 2

Referring to the country of Iran

Part 3

risks

Is in danger of facing a negative result

Part 4

squandering the goodwill it enjoys as the underdog

Wasting the support and sympathy it has from other countries because people see it as the weaker side being attacked

Sentence 20 of 21

A practical first step would be reciprocal de-escalation: the U.S. lifting its blockade and Iran reopening the Strait to commercial shipping.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

A practical first step

A realistic and useful thing to do first to solve the problem

Part 2

would be

Suggesting what the best option could be

Part 3

reciprocal de-escalation: the U.S. lifting its blockade and Iran reopening the Strait to commercial shipping

Both sides reducing their military actions at the same time: the U.S. stopping its port blocks and Iran letting cargo ships through the sea passage again

Sentence 21 of 21

This would also reinforce the fragile ceasefire and build confidence, paving the way for the next round of direct talks on outstanding issues, including the nuclear programme.

Sentence Breakdown

Part 1

This

The action of reciprocal de-escalation mentioned before

Part 2

would also reinforce

Would make something stronger or more stable

Part 3

the fragile ceasefire

The weak and easily broken agreement to stop fighting

Part 4

and build

And create or increase something positive

Part 5

confidence

Trust between the two countries

Part 6

paving the way for the next round of direct talks on outstanding issues, including the nuclear programme

Making it possible to have future meetings about the remaining important problems like Iran’s nuclear plans

Reading Comprehension

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Reading Comprehension - Battle of wills

Practice reading comprehension questions based on the editorial about the U.S.-Iran conflict in the Strait of Hormuz.

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Battle of wills: On the U.S. war on Iran

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